Dutch relatives of those killed when flight MH17 was shot down over Ukraine a year ago have attended an emotional memorial service as calls mounted for a UN-backed tribunal to prosecute those responsible.
All 298 passengers and crew died on July 17 last year when the Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777, on a flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, was downed over rebel-held east Ukraine during fighting between Kiev's armed forces and pro-Russian separatists.
The majority of those killed were Dutch, while Australia lost 38 citizens and residents.
Flags flew at half-mast in the Netherlands on Friday as about 2000 relatives and friends gathered at a ceremony in Nieuwegein to mourn the victims of the disaster, many of whom were children on their way to summer holidays.
Kiev and the West point the finger at the separatists, saying they may have used a BUK surface-to-air missile supplied by Russia to down the plane. But Moscow denies involvement and instead accuses Ukraine's military.
"There is nothing we can do, we can't turn back the clock," said Evert van Zijtvelt, who lost his son, Robert-Jan, 18 and daughter Frederique, 19, in the disaster. "It has been a very heavy year."
The widow of the flight's co-pilot, Ahmad Hakimi, told the Dutch ceremony that her husband had refused her pleas to stop working after the mysterious disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 in March 2014.
"I begged my husband not to go to work because I was afraid but he told me 'this is my job, it is my duty, I have to do it'," said Asmaa Aljuned.
Sobs could be heard as relatives read out the names of all those killed and photos of the dead were shown on a giant screen accompanied by sombre piano music.
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte assured the bereaved that justice would be done.
"The investigation into what exactly happened and everything that still needs to be done will be to do right by your loved ones," Rutte told the black-clad gathering.
The commemoration held a minute's silence exactly one year after air traffic control lost contact with the flight.
The Netherlands has been tasked with leading the retrieval of victims' remains and investigating the cause of the crash, as well as finding and punishing possible perpetrators.
The Dutch Safety Board is expected to release a final report into the cause of the crash during the first week of October, but has stressed it will only address the cause, not the perpetrators.
A criminal probe by a joint investigation team consisting of Australian, Belgian, Dutch, Malaysian and Ukrainian detectives is under way.
The UN Security Council has adopted Resolution 2166, which demands those responsible "be held to account and that all states cooperate fully with efforts to establish accountability".
Britain, France, Malaysia, the Netherlands and others have backed a UN-backed tribunal, but veto-wielding Security Council member Russia is opposed.
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